Surgical Treatment of Gynecomastia: Experience of the Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Department of the Ibn Sina Hospital in Rabat and Literature Review

Summary: Gynecomastia is defined as benign enlargement of the glandular breast tissue amongst men, resulting in significant physical and psychological impact. Surgical treatment is the standard approach for persistent, symptomatic, or cosmetically disabling forms. This study aims to evaluate the results of surgical management in our department. We present a descriptive retrospective study of 8 patients operated on for gynecomastia between May 2021 and March 2024, with an average age of 25 years old. Only male patients with clinically and imaging-confirmed gynecomastia, with a postoperative follow-up of at least 6 months, were included. Our evaluation focused on clinical data, type of gynecomastia, operative techniques used, observed complications, and degree of satisfaction. Bilateral gynecomastia with predominant glandular involvement was the most common form in our cohort.  Accordingly, the most used surgical technique combined glandular excision via the inferior periareolar approach and liposuction. The results were considered satisfactory from an aesthetic and psychological perspective. Minor complications included one case of hematoma, one seroma, and one superficial infection. Our results were consistent with those reported in the literature, both in terms of indications and postoperative outcomes. Properly performed surgical treatment of gynecomastia achieves satisfactory aesthetic and functional results with a low complication rate. Adapting techniques to clinical grade and rigorous patient selection are essential, although mprovements can be achieved through the integration of minimally invasive techniques and standardized assessment tools.